Black History Series Part 1: Learning Black History through Music

Original Temptation Album Cover- 1965

By Dr. David Childs, Ph.D.
Northern Kentucky University

A critical component in the success of the American democratic project is to embrace the diversity within the United States and its history. In this way, we can celebrate our differences, seeing diversity as a strength and an asset. Black history month is an opportune time to do so, in that it is a time to reflect upon and celebrate the complex history of African Americans in the United States. The study of Black history is a multi-faceted, varied and deeply complex subject. African American history is American history, in the sense that Black folks have been an integral part of United States history from its inception. One of the most commonly explored and researched aspects of African American history is slavery in America. Another topic that is explored often is the Civil Rights movement. Even though these aspects of Black history are of the utmost importance and have played a critical role in shaping history, other aspects of African American history must also be explored. A major back drop and cultural thread through every era of Black history has been music. It is important to understand how it has shaped Black culture and also how Black culture has been shaped by music. Music created by African Americans (Black music) is varied and complex, coming in many shapes and sizes. Indeed, African American music is a very broad phenomenon that describes a wide range of musical styles and genres.

Black music was shaped by historical conditions that was a response to a variety of emotions including happiness, joy, suffering, disappointment, despair, exhilaration and pain. Early black music from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was shaped by the terrible conditions and hardships brought on by slavery. The songs that were birthed from slavery were spirituals, work songs and folk songs. After the Civil War many African Americans became employed as musicians playing European classical music. When black musicians blended African culture and rhythms with the European classical music they developed the ragtime style of music. Ragtime would eventually become jazz; both forms of music are distinctly American, but specifically African American. Other styles of music stemming from African cultural roots included the blues and gospel, which led to more contemporary genres such as soul, rock and roll, rhythm and blues and hip-hop. Historic music from certain eras help us understand the way of life during the time it was developed.

Classrooms can come alive when teachers incorporate the rich reservoir of African American music that can now be easily accessed via a computer and the Internet. Below we share a wealth of musical resources that allow readers to explore the wide variety of music genres in black cultural history. We also include lesson plan ideas on how music can be incorporated into classroom curriculum in creative, effective and meaningful ways.   

Lesson Plans

Lesson Ideas

  • Using spirituals to teach about African American slavery and the Civil War
    Teachers can use Negro spirituals to teach about the challenges and hardships of slavery. Teachers can use the Internet to locate the words to the songs to accompany the videos, allowing students to do a text analysis of the lyrics. Students can write about the mood and tone of the songs, the religious themes, historical content, melancholy subject matter and even double meaning of the songs. Students can identify the time period in which the song was written and situate it historically, to tie it in to lectures, text book readings and primary source documents.
  • Hip-hop and the urban Black experience
    Students can use various hip-hop songs to highlight the struggle of the urban poor and African Americans in the late twentieth century to present. Thousands of song lyrics are readily available for free on the Internet to supplement the music videos to allow students to take a closer look at the meaning behind the songs. Hip-hop is a great resource for language arts and social studies teaching because many artists address complex social, political, economic and historical issues such as poverty, abortion, racism, drugs and broken families.  
  • Using the blues and gospel music to teach Black history
    Teachers can use the blues and early gospel music to teach about southern rural black culture from the early twentieth century. Classrooms can address all sorts of topics such as the share cropping system, rural poverty, racism, southern cuisine, black families and even popular music as it relates to black musicians in the early twentieth century.

Sample Lesson Plans
Lead Belly and His Legacy of Southern Song- Lesson Plan
Blending African and Irish Sensibilities in Virginia’s Music
Songs, Sounds, and Stories from the Georgia Sea Islands A Smithsonian Folkways Lesson
The Vocal Blues: Created in the Deep South of the United States A Smithsonian Folkways Lesson
African American Music: Let’s Sing and Play Clapping Games A Smithsonian Folkways Lesson
African-American Gospel Music Lesson Plan
The History of Hip-Hop: Fresh Air Features Interviews with Some of the Greatest Names in Hip-hop

Please click on any of the links below to explore the various song selections in each genre.

Spirituals
Marion Williams – Mean Old World
Jubilaires- Noah
Black Delta Religion
Hold On” (Negro Spiritual)
Been In The Storm So Long [Full Compilation]

Ragtime
Maple Leaf Rag Played by Scott Joplin
Ragtime Piano : Scott Joplin “The Entertainer ” (1902)
The Definitive Jelly Roll Morton – Ragtime & Early Sounds from New Orleans
Scott Joplin – Ragtime (Full Album)

Jazz
Louis Armstrong – West End Blues 1928
Charlie Parker – I’ve Got Rhythm (Best jazz ever)
Charlie Parker – Anthropology
Miles Davis – So What
Blue in Green by Miles Davis
Herbie Hancock – Cantaloupe Island
John Coltrane – Equinox (Original)
John Coltrane – A Love Supreme [Full Album] (1965)

Work Songs
Negro Prison Songs / “Rosie” 1947
Work Songs in a Texas Prison

Blues
Etta James – I’d Rather Go Blind
Etta James – At Last
BB King on Ralph Gleason’s Jazz Casual 1968 Part 2
Howlin’ Wolf “Smokestack Lightning” Live 1964 (Reelin’ In The Years Archives)
Mississippi John Hurt – You Got To Walk That Lonesome Valley (Live)
Lonnie Johnson – Another Night To Cry
Muddy Waters, Memphis Slim, Willy Dixon, Otis Spann et al – Bye Bye Blues
Leadbelly – House of the Rising Sun
Lead Belly – “The Gallis Pole”
Lead Belly – Midnight Special
Leadbelly – Three Songs 1945 – The Only One Video File with Leadbelly
BB King Called This His Best Performance
Skip James- Hard Time Killin’ Floor Blues
“Devil Got My Woman” by Skip James
Lightin’ Hopkins pt 1
Soundies: Black Music from the 1940s
Robert Johnson- Crossroad

Gospel
Sister Rosetta Tharpe – This Train
Five Blind Boys of Mississippi “Lord, You’ve Been Good To Me” 1965 (Reelin’ In The Years Archives)
Mightly Clouds of Joy- I’ve Been in the Storm Too Long
The Soul Stirrers – “I’m a Soldier”
“Something’s Got a Hold of Me” (1959)- James Cleveland
The Swan Silvertones – Saviour Pass Me Not
The Swan Silvertones – Only Believe (Live)
Mahalia Jackson ~ How I Got Over
Donnie McClurkin- I’ll Trust You

Early Twentieth Century African American Music
Sam Cooke – A Change Is Gonna Come (Official Lyric Video)
Chuck Berry – Johnny B. Goode (Live 1958)
Little Richard Long Tall Sally – Tutti Frutti
Chubby Checker – Let’s Twist Again (lyrics)
Harry Belafonte – Banana Boat Song (Day-O)
Stand By Me, Ben E King, 1961
Little Eva – Loco-motion (1962)
Jimi Hendrix Experience – Hey Joe Live
The Jimi Hendrix Experience – Foxey Lady (Miami Pop 1968)
Jimi Hendrix Live Full Concert 1969 Amazing Clear Footage
Jimi Hendrix “Wild Thing” 1967-05-11

Female Black Groups
Be My Baby – The Ronettes – 1963
The Shirelles Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow

Ray Charles
Ray Charles – Hit the Road Jack!
Ray Charles – (Night time Is) The Right Time
Ray Charles – What’d I Say Pts.
Ray Charles – Unchain My Heart HQ
Ray Charles – Drown In My Own Tears
Ray Charles – Drown In My Own Tears
Ray Charles – Hard Times
Ray Charles – I Believe to My Soul

Temptations
Temptations – I wish It Would Rain
Temptations – My Girl & Get Ready – (1965-66)
The Temptations Papa Was A Rolling Stone 1972 Single Version

James Brown
James Brown – Papa’s Got A Brand New Bag Live 1965 (Remasterted)
Say It Loud, I’m Black & I’m Proud-James Brown
James Brown – Say It Loud, I’m Black And I’m Proud / If I Ruled The World (1968)
James Brown- The Famous Flames 1964
James Brown performs “Please Please Please” at the TAMI Show (Live)
James Brown – “Cold Sweat” (part 1 & 2)
 James Brown – Out of Sight 1965 (Remastered audio)

Michael Jackson
Michael Jackson – Billie Jean Live First Time Moonwalk
Michael Jackson – Billie Jean (Official Music Video)
Michael Jackson – Beat It (Official Video)

Funk Music/Early R and B
The Chi-lites “Have you seen her”
George Clinton – Atomic Dog [Atomic Mix Long Version]
One Nation Under A Groove – Funkadelic (1978)

Hip-Hop

Early Hip-Hop
Sugar Hill Gang- Rappers Delight
Grandmaster Flash & The Furious Five – The Message (Official Video)
RUN-DMC – King Of Rock (Video)
Doug E Fresh & Slick Rick-The Show
KRS-One – South Bronx (BDP)

Christian Hip Hop
Lecrae – TELL THE WORLD Feat. Mali Music
 
Bizzle – No Hate (feat. Bumps INF) – Official Music Video
No Malice – So Woke (Official Video)
Reconcile – Catch A Body ft. No Malice
Sevin Feat. H.U.R.T. – Somebody Lied To Us

R & B/Soul
Aretha Franklin – Think (feat. The Blues Brothers)
The Fugees (Lauryn Hill) – Killing Me Softly
The Fugees – Ready or Not
Lauryn Hill-Sweetest Thing
Lauryn Hill – Nothing Even Matters feat. D’Angelo
Wyclef Jean – 911 ft. Mary J. Blige
Mary J. Blige – Reminisce
Alicia Keys – You Don’t Know My Name (Official Music Video)
Alicia Keys – If I Ain’t Got You (Official Music Video)
John Legend – Ordinary People (Official Music Video)
Whitney Houston – I Have Nothing (Official Music Video)
Whitney Houston – Run To You (Official Music Video)
Whitney Houston – You Give Good Love (Official Music Video)

90’s and Contemporary Hip-hop
2Pac – I Ain’t Mad At Cha [High Quality]
2Pac – Dear Mama (Official Music Video)
Nas- If I Ruled the World ( Imagine That)- Dirty
The Firm – Firm Biz
The Notorious B.I.G. – “Juicy” (Official Video)
JAY-Z – Song Cry
Drake – God’s Plan – YouTube
J.Cole “Love Yourz” (Official Video)
J.Cole “No Role Model”
Humble – Kendrick Lamar (Clean)
Missy Elliott – Gossip Folks [Video]
Da Brat – Funkdafied (Video)
Childish Gambino – Feels Like Summer (Official Music Video)
Childish Gambino – This Is America (Official Music Video)
A.D.H.D. – Kendrick Lamar
50 Cent – In Da Club (Int’l Version)

Interviews
20/20 Michael Jackson Interview (1980)
The Evolution of Michael Jackson’s Speaking Voice | 1970-2009
James Brown interview and live clip (1969)
American Bandstand 1968- Interview James Brown
Tupac Shakur – Words From A Prophet
Ray Charles talks about his blindness

References
The History of African-American Folk Music Understanding the Multi-genre Influences to American Folk Music
History of Ragtime
African-American Music
 History of Jazz
Roots of African American Music
The Evolution of African-American Music
Howling Wolf Biography

10 Comments

  1. Using music in the classroom is a great tool for many reasons, it can be used to get students up a moving, to help them retain information and to educate on the historical background of an era. A great example of this is mentioned in the article, specifically how black music was shaped by historical conditions. Often times, I think students are so focused on today’s music that they don’t realize where that music originated from. The article speaks about how students can use various hip-hop songs to highlight the struggle of African Americans, these songs could be used to compare to today’s music. Having students compare songs and find connections between them can help them to understand the stories of each and to relate to what the artists were feeling during this time.

  2. Music is a very powerful tool that should be taken advantage of in every classroom, especially when it is so easily accessed. You can begin a lesson by listening to music and picking out different parts for discussion or you could even have students write their own song based around their life at that very moment. Music tells a story with emotion and helps you put yourself in the situation of a certain song. If you were reading a passage from a textbook about that same situation, you would not quite understand the impact it really had on the people during that time.

  3. I am a music person, i love listening to music and teaching through music so this article is perfect to me. You can teach anything through music and such a great topic.

  4. This is such a great article. I love music very deeply. I hope to one day become a teacher and incorporating music into study seems to be extremely effective. The three lesson ideas that you gave are genius. Even though I chose to teach elementary schoolers, this method could still be very useful!

  5. Incorporating music into lessons has been something that I’ve been taught to do for the last couple of years. Let alone using it as a resource to teach about African American history. African American history can be slightly difficult to teach, so having the resource of the music they listened to, is easily a way to get around the hardness of this lesson. Music is much more than entertainment. Music is communication, and it’s a way for people to tell a story without actually telling it. Music has such a big impact on my life, it’s so easy to relate to.

  6. Incorporating music into education is a wonderful idea as it engages auditory learners and is an example of an aspect of universal design education. By employing music in the classroom, you are creating equal access to content for students with visual disabilities rather than handicapping them with the presentation of content in videos and photographs. Using music as a medium to convey history is a new world history technique which allows historians to gather evidence from a multitude of sources and source type rather than just written documents. Using new world history techniques prepares students for university level history and the history field.

  7. I agree that music is a big part of history, as mentioned, music was a “response to a variety of emotions including happiness, joy, suffering, disappointment, despair, exhilaration and pain”. Music helped people get through hardships throughout history. I loved reading about the different genres music progressed to as time went on. I agree that black history month is important and it is important that we teach ourselves and others on this matter because you are 100% right when you said African American history is American history.
    I once took an appreciation to jazz music course and this article reminded me of the class. Good times because I loved that class.
    I enjoyed this article and I really enjoyed listening to some of the various songs you listed towards the end!

  8. I was interested in reading this article because I have a love for many different types of music. I find it interesting through the given lesson plans the many different ways that, as a teacher, I can incorporate historical music into the classroom. Many of the lesson plans were intriguing to me. I know that I am listening to music or music is being played in the classroom the atmosphere is completely changed. Often times the vibe of the classroom is positive and gives a welcoming and engaged learning feeling. I also enjoyed this article because I have listed to many of these songs and I still do today…they bring back many different memories and experiences in my life. Music is also a way for teachers to draw upon student experiences or feelings. I see myself definitely implementing music/historical music within my own classroom!

  9. I really enjoyed reading this article. I love music and just reading this article and seeing how influential African American music was and what genres of music it would go on to create is amazing. I also loved how it acknowledged that slavery and the civil war are not just the only important factors but music is also important because it described the times. Overall this was a really great article because it provided information that some may not have known.

  10. I really enjoyed this article. My whole life has revolved around music. Coming from a family of musicians I’ve always loved and enjoyed different genres. As I got older I began learning the clarinet, and singing. On the clarinet I loved learning the jazz styles and playing around with grace notes. When I started singing my choir teacher noticed I had a tendency to sing alto range, but carry high notes. She introduced me into soul singing. I am so happy this article is here. I feel like people don’t realize the lessons that can be learned from African American music.

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